Oleaginous Rhodococcus cells are able to produce high amounts of neutral lipids, primarily triglycerides (TAGs), within cellular inclusions and under specific growth conditions. Furthermore, these bacteria have the ability to degrade a wide range of carbon sources, closely related to the process of lipogenesis. Like other eukaryotic single-cell oil producers (SCOs), these bacteria possess specific physiological properties and molecular mechanisms that allow them to synthesize TAGs at very high levels. Oleagenicity in rhodococci is the result of several processes, including an exquisite combination of enzymes, structural proteins associated with lipid droplets, transporters, and specific regulatory proteins. In this presentation, we will focus on the regulatory mechanisms that lead lipid production in these bacteria and their impact as biotechnological strategies. In this context, new developments in the application of CRISPR technology are also presented, including the adaptation of traditional CRISPR/Cas9 systems, as well as the application of new base editing systems to Rhodococcus cells. Furthermore, in this presentation, we discuss a broad and integrated perspective on the potential of oleaginous rhodococci to be considered as microbial biofactories, not only for the production of microbial lipids but also as unconventional chassis for the production of complex proteins, as well as the exploration of novel secondary metabolites with pro-adipogenic activity.